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Noor Muhammad Butt (Urdu: ڈاکٹر این ایم بٹ); b. 3 June 1936); SI, FPAS, best known as "Dr. N. M. Butt", is a Pakistani nuclear physicist and the professor of physics at the NUST Islamabad. He earned international prestige for his edge-leading research in neutron diffraction, and made important contributions to Mössbauer spectroscopy. ==Biography== Noor Muhammad Butt was born in Sialkot, British Punjab, in 1936. Having completed his High-school from Sialkot, he completed his matriculation from Murray College, gaining a pre-science diploma from Murray College in 1950. In 1951, he attended Punjab University, majoring in applied physics and had received his BSc in Applied Physics from Punjab University in 1955.〔 〕 The same year, he was accepted at the Government College, Lahore to do his Master's degree in physics. In 1957, he completed his Master of Science(MSc) with experimental specialisation in the Nuclear physics under the renowned nuclear physicist Professor Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry, the Head of the Department of Physics at the Government College University at that time. It was under Chaudhry's supervision that Butt studied nuclear physics and supervised Butts' master degree's thesis in experimental nuclear physics using the 1.2 MeV Cockcrof-Walton Nuclear Accelerator installed at the College.〔 〕 His master degree's thesis was written on "''The nuclear reactions when the protons from this accelerator strike the nuclear target of lithium produce a nuclear reaction, breaking the atomic nucleus of lithium''". After his master's degree, Butt joined Government College University as a lecturer in physics. He stayed there till 1960. In 1961, he won a Commonwealth Scholarship and the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Scholarship to pursue his doctoral studies in Europe. On his mentors' advice, Butt travelled to the United Kingdom where he attended the University of Birmingham. During his studies, Butt learned the course on the Kinetic theory of solids from Prof. Rudolf Peierls, a leading member and senior scientist who participated in the Manhattan Project and who was till working as the Head of the implosion device being developed under this project in the early 1940s. Thus, at Birmingham University during his studies for PhD, Butt had studied and taught nuclear physics under three world known nuclear professors whose names form part of the nuclear history of the world. Later, Butt had a rich and full interaction with a large number of nuclear and material scientists of over 25 countries during his lectures and seminars at the laboratories of these countries of the East and the West. In 1967, he received his Doctor of Science(Sc.D.) in nuclear physics under the supervision of Dr. Philip Burton Moon. He joined the "''Department of Nuclear Physics''", Birmingham University, where he earned the degree of Doctor of Philosophy(D.Phil.), thereafter. In 1968, he became a distinguished professor of nuclear physics at the University of Birmingham where he had continued his research in Fission product. In 1970, Dr. Abdus Salam had met with Butt where Salam had advised him to carry out his research at ICTP in Trieste, Italy. Butt followed Salam's advise and joined ICTP as a ''"Senior Associate"'' (SA). During his stay at ICTP, he began his studies and research in the field of Solid-state physics which led him to win the "''Associate ICTP Award in Solid-State Physics''". In 1979, Butt was also conferred with an "''ICTP Award in Nuclear Physics''" in the honour of Dr. Abdus Salam. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Noor Muhammad Butt」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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